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Autoimmunity in acute ischemic stroke and the role of blood—brain barrier: the dark side or the light one?

Tsygan, Alexandr P. Trashkov, Igor V. Litvinenko, Viktoriya A. Yakovleva, Alexandr V.Vasiliev, Leonid P. Churilov

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 420-426 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0688-6

摘要： This article presents a synopsis of the current data on the mechanisms of blood—brain barrier (BBB) alteration and autoimmune response in acute ischemic stroke. Most researchers confirm the relationship between the severity of immunobiochemical changes and clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is accompanied by aseptic inflammation, which alters the brain tissue and exposes the co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system and the neuronal antigens. To date, BBB is not considered the border between the immune system and central nervous system, and the local immune subsystems are found within and behind the BBB. BBB disruption contributes to the leakage of brain autoantigens and induction of secondary autoimmune response to neuronal antigens and long-term inflammation. Glymphatic system function is altered and jeopardized both in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke types. The receptors of innate immunity (toll-like receptor-2 and toll-like receptor-4) are also involved in acute ischemia—reperfusion injury. Immune response is related to the key processes of blood clotting and fibrinolysis. At the same time, the stroke-induced immune activation may promote reparation phenomena in the brain. Subsequent research on the reduction of the acute ischemic brain injury through the target regulation of the immune response is promising.

关键词： stroke     blood–brain barrier     autoimmunity     innate immunity     inflammation     cell death    

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Comparison of modeling methods for wind power prediction: a critical study

Rashmi P. SHETTY, A. SATHYABHAMA, P. Srinivasa PAI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 347-358 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0553-3

摘要： Prediction of power generation of a wind turbine is crucial, which calls for accurate and reliable models. In this work, six different models have been developed based on wind power equation, concept of power curve, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), and the results have been compared. To develop the models based on the concept of power curve, the manufacturer’s power curve, and to develop RSM as well as ANN models, the data collected from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) of a 1.5 MW turbine have been used. In addition to wind speed, the air density, blade pitch angle, rotor speed and wind direction have been considered as input variables for RSM and ANN models. Proper selection of input variables and capability of ANN to map input-output relationships have resulted in an accurate model for wind power prediction in comparison to other methods.

关键词： power curve     method of least squares     cubic spline interpolation     response surface methodology     artificial neural network (ANN)    

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Applying an Integrated Systems Perspective to the Management of Engineering Projects

Simon P. Philbin

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 19-30 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015004

摘要： Engineering projects can be subject to significant complexity, which may result in a number of issues and challenges that need to be addressed throughout the project life-cycle. Traditionally projects have been viewed according to the so called “iron triangle,” i. e., achievement of project milestones according to schedule, cost and quality targets. While these targets are fundamentally important to the performance of engineering projects, it is possible to view projects on a systemic level in order to allow an adequate focus on all the underpinning factors that have the potential to influence the performance of projects. Consequently, a management framework has been developed that is based on an integrated systems perspective of engineering projects, where the performance of projects is a function of six contributing sub-systems that are: process, technology, resources, knowledge, culture and impact.

关键词： integrated systems perspective     engineering projects     management    

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Assessment of an alternative to deep foundations in compressible clays: the structural cell foundation

MARTÍNEZ-GALVÁN, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 67-80 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0399-5

摘要： The new type of deep foundation for buildings on saturated, compressible-low strength clayey soil deposits, branded structural cell essentially consists of a rigid concrete top slab, structurally connected to reinforced concrete peripheral walls (diaphragms) that enclose the natural soil. Accordingly, as the initial volume of the confined soft clays within the lateral stiff diaphragms will remain constant upon loading, the hollowed structural cell will be “transformed” into a very large cross-section pillar of unit weight slightly higher than that of the natural soft clayey soil. This type of foundation seems to be a highly competitive alternative to the friction pile-box foundations (widely used in Mexico City clays), due to its economic and environmental advantages. Economies result, for example, from the absence of huge excavations hence sparing the need of earth retaining structures. Further savings result from appreciably smaller concrete volumes required for building the structural cell than the friction pile-box foundation; moreover, the construction time of the former is much shorter than that of the latter. Regarding the impact to the environment, less air contamination follows from the fact that both traffic jams and soil excavation lessen appreciably. Considering these facts and others regarding scheduling, it was decided to replace 48-friction pile-box foundations specified in the master plan project by this new type of foundation. The overall behavior of these cell foundations over a five-year period is fared from close visual observations and their leveling during the first three years after their construction.

关键词： deep foundations     bearing capacity     resistant moment     structural cell     3D numerical modeling    

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MILP synthesis of separation processes for waste oil-in-water emulsions treatment

Pintarič,Gorazd P. Škof,Zdravko Kravanja

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 120-130 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1559-1

摘要： This paper presents a novel synthesis method for designing integrated processes for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions treatment. General superstructure involving alternative separation technologies is developed and modelled as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for maximum annual profit. Separation processes in the superstructure are divided into three main sections of which the pretreatment and final treatment are limited to the selection of one alternative (or bypass) only, while within the intermediate section various combinations of different technologies in series can be selected. Integrated processes composed of selected separation techniques for given ranges of input chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be proposed by applying parametric analyses within the superstructure approach. This approach has been applied to an existing industrial case study for deriving optimal combinations of technologies for treating diverse oil-in-water emulsions within the range of input COD values between 1000 mg?L and 145000 mg?L . The optimal solution represents a flexible and profitable process for reducing the COD values below maximal allowable limits for discharging effluent into surface water.

关键词： oil-in-water emulsion     chemical oxygen demand     superstructure     process synthesis     MILP    

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Managing water for life

Daniel P. LOUCKS, Haifeng JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 255-264 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0359-6

摘要： Water is essential for life. In spite of the entire engineering infrastructure devoted to the treatment, regulation and beneficial uses of water, occasionally sufficient quantities and qualities of water become scarce. When this happens, just how do we decide how much less water to allocate to all of us and the activities we engage in to sustain and enhance our quality of life? This paper addresses some of the complexities of answering such a question, especially as society increasingly recognizes the need to provide flow regimes that will maintain healthy aquatic and floodplain ecosystems that also impact the economic, physical and even the spiritual quality of our lives. For we depend on these ecosystems to sustain our wellbeing. We are indeed a part of our ecosystems. We depend upon on aquatic ecosystems to moderate river flow qualities and quantities, reduce the extremes of floods and droughts, reduce erosion, detoxify and decompose waterborne wastes, generate and preserve flood plain soils and renew their fertility, regulate disease carrying organisms, and to enhance recreational benefits of river systems. This question of deciding just how much water to allocate to each water user and for the maintenance of viable aquatic ecosystems, especially when there is not enough, is a complex, and largely political, issue. This issue is likely to become even more complex and political and contentious in the future as populations grow and as water quantities and their qualities become even more variable and uncertain.

关键词： water stress     aquatic ecosystems     sustainable water resource allocations     ecosystem water requirements    

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抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

P. Williams

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 4-6 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.005

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Advanced cement based nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and CNFs

DANOGLIDIS,Surendra P. SHAH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 142-149 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0342-1

摘要： Cementitious materials reinforced with well dispersed multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at the nanoscale were fabricated and tested. The MWCNTs and CNFs were dispersed by the application of ultrasonic energy and the use of a superplasticizer. Mechanical and fracture properties including flexural strength, Young’s modulus, flexural and fracture toughness were measured and compared with similarly processed reference cement based mixes without the nano-reinforcement. The MWCNTs and CNFs reinforced mortars exhibited superior properties demonstrated by a significant improvement in flexural strength (106%), Young’s modulus (95%), flexural toughness (105%), effective crack length (30%) and fracture toughness (120%).

关键词： multi-walled carbon nanotubes     carbon nanofibers     mortars     toughness     Young’s modulus    

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Unlocked disinfection by-product formation potential upon exposure of swimming pool water to additional stimulants

Alvyn P. Berg, Ting-An Fang, Hao L. Tang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1098-3

摘要：

• Swimming pool water was studied for DBPs upon exposure to additional stimulants.

• DBP formation could be induced by residual chlorine and extended incubation.

• Urine led to a massive formation of chloroform with additional stimulants.

• Reactions between chlorine and anthropogenic organics were slow and long-lasting.

• Urine control and air ventilation should be on the priority list for pool management.

关键词： Trihalomethanes     Haloacetic acids     Chloroform     Residual chlorine     Anthropogenic organics     Swimming pool water    

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稀土永磁体及其在未来经济中的地位

Allan Trench, John P. Sykes

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第2期   页码 115-117 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.007

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Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Christine C. Nguyen, Cody N. Hugie, Molly L. Kile, Tala Navab-Daneshmand

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1129-0

摘要：

Heavy metals can act as co-selecting agents and promote antibiotic resistance.

Most frequent resistances to heavy metals are observed for zinc and cadmium.

P. aeruginosa and E. coli are commonly resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics.

Heavy metals proliferate antibiotic resistance through co- and cross-resistance.

Heavy metal and antibiotic resistances are common near anthropogenic activities.

关键词： Zinc     Cadmium     Copper     Lead     E. coli     P. aeruginosa    

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Problems, potentials and future of industrial crystallization

Ulrich, P. Frohberg

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-8 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1304-y

摘要： This review discusses important research developments and arising challenges in the field of industrial crystallization with an emphasis on recent problems. The most relevant areas of research have been identified. These are the prediction of phase diagrams; the prediction of effects of impurities and additives; the design of fluid dynamics; the process control with process analytical technologies (PAT) tools; the polymorph and solvate screening; the stabilization of non-stable phases; and the product design. The potential of industrial crystallization in various areas is outlined and discussed with particular reference to the product quality, process design, and control. On this basis, possible future directions for research and development have been pointed out to highlight the importance of crystallization as an outstanding technique for separation, purification as well as for product design.

关键词： industrial crystallization     potentials and future     product design    

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Contribution to the design of robotized tele-echography system

P. GAZEAU, S. ZEGHLOUL, G. POISSON

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第2期   页码 135-149 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0326-3

摘要：

This paper introduces the design of a master-slave robotized system for tele-ultrasound application. The objective of these researches is to design the slave manipulator of this system and its control device (master part). The specification process of the architecture kinematic is based on the analysis of expert’s gesture during ultrasound examinations. These studies have been carried out using a motion capture system. The medical gestures were analyzed in terms of ultrasound probe attitude and used in the definition of the kinematics specifications of the proposed manipulator. The Spherical Parallel Mechanism is selected because its characteristics meet the constraint requirements. The optimal synthesis of spherical parallel manipulators is performed using a real-coded Genetic Algorithm based method. Simulations on the actuator responses of the structure allowed us the validate it. In order to control this robot, we have also designed a haptic device that provides easiness to use as well as force feedback. Its orientation control strategy is based on a use of an adaptative kalman filter which efficiency was demonstrated during experimentations.

关键词： tele-echography     motion capture     spherical parallel mechanism     genetic algorithm     adaptative kalman filter    

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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

Sridhar BHAVANI, David P. HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 210-224 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019268

摘要：

Races belonging to the Ug99 (TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa, Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat production. The rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times. A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat production. Race TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in Europe. Concerted research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance (APR) genes and gene combinations for use in breeding. Combining multiple adult plant resistance genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of resistance. Effective gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes, complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

关键词： adult plant resistance     black rust     race-specific resistance     Triticum aestivum    

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Numerical investigation of the ultimate lateral resistance of piles in soft clay

Konstantinos P. TZIVAKOS,Michael J. KAVVADAS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 194-200 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0251-0

摘要： The paper presents a numerical study on the undrained lateral response of a single, free-head, reinforced concrete pile in soft clays. Soil conditions simulating normally consolidated clays are examined—undrained shear strength increasing with depth—and the pile-soil interaction under static lateral loading is analyzed. The nonlinear ? curves proposed in literature for soft clays are imported into a beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler-foundation simulation in order to predict the pile head lateral load—displacement curve and the distribution of the horizontal displacement and bending moment along the pile. The striking differences among these methods require further investigation via 3D finite element analyses. The determination of the ultimate soil resistance from the results of the finite element analyses aims at providing the estimation of a range of values for the ultimate soil resistance coefficient with depth and the comparison of the derived values to the corresponding ones proposed by existing methodologies.

关键词： laterally loaded     pile     soft clay     p?y curves     finite element method (FEM)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Autoimmunity in acute ischemic stroke and the role of blood—brain barrier: the dark side or the light one?

Tsygan, Alexandr P. Trashkov, Igor V. Litvinenko, Viktoriya A. Yakovleva, Alexandr V.Vasiliev, Leonid P. Churilov

期刊论文

Comparison of modeling methods for wind power prediction: a critical study

Rashmi P. SHETTY, A. SATHYABHAMA, P. Srinivasa PAI

期刊论文

Applying an Integrated Systems Perspective to the Management of Engineering Projects

Simon P. Philbin

期刊论文

Assessment of an alternative to deep foundations in compressible clays: the structural cell foundation

MARTÍNEZ-GALVÁN, Miguel P. ROMO

期刊论文

MILP synthesis of separation processes for waste oil-in-water emulsions treatment

Pintarič,Gorazd P. Škof,Zdravko Kravanja

期刊论文

Managing water for life

Daniel P. LOUCKS, Haifeng JIA

期刊论文

抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

P. Williams

期刊论文

Advanced cement based nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and CNFs

DANOGLIDIS,Surendra P. SHAH

期刊论文

Unlocked disinfection by-product formation potential upon exposure of swimming pool water to additional stimulants

Alvyn P. Berg, Ting-An Fang, Hao L. Tang

期刊论文

稀土永磁体及其在未来经济中的地位

Allan Trench, John P. Sykes

期刊论文

Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Christine C. Nguyen, Cody N. Hugie, Molly L. Kile, Tala Navab-Daneshmand

期刊论文

Problems, potentials and future of industrial crystallization

Ulrich, P. Frohberg

期刊论文

Contribution to the design of robotized tele-echography system

P. GAZEAU, S. ZEGHLOUL, G. POISSON

期刊论文

Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

Sridhar BHAVANI, David P. HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

期刊论文

Numerical investigation of the ultimate lateral resistance of piles in soft clay

Konstantinos P. TZIVAKOS,Michael J. KAVVADAS

期刊论文